পরিশিষ্ট – ক
(Based on Edicts of Ashoka – Rummindei Edict by Saurabh Saxena published in Puratattva-April (2014)
Original text by Meena Talim
1. देवानंपियेन पियदसिन लाजिन वीसतिवसाभिसिटेन
2. अतन आगाच महीयते हिद बुधे जाते सक्यमुनि ति
3. सिलविगडभी -चा कालापित सिलथमे -च उसपापिते
4. अठभागिये -च (॥)
English translation by Meena Talim
1. Piyadassi, the Beloved of the God, twenty years after the consecration
2. Has come to this land in person as Buddha; the Sakya-sage was born here, on this earth.
3. He raised here a stone-pillar made by (stone-carpenter) sculptors
4. Here the lord was born; therefore the taxes of Lumbini village, up to eighth (share) has been exempted.
English translation by V A Smith
By His Sacred and Gracious Majesty the King when he had been consecrated twenty years, having come in person and reverence having been done inasmuch as: “Here was born Buddha, the sage of the Sakyas ” a stone bearing a horse was caused to be made and a stone pillar was erected. Inasmuch as” Here the Holy One was born,” the village of Lummini was released from religious cesses and required to pay [only] one-eighth as land revenue.
English translation by D R Bhandarkar
King Priyadarsin, Beloved of the gods, when he had been consecrated twenty years, came in the person and did worship. Because here the Sakya sage, Buddha, was born, he caused a huge stone wall to be made and a stone pillar to be erected. Because here the Blessed One was born, the village of Lummini was freed from religious cesses and made to contribute one-eighth share (only, as land revenue).
English translation by R K Mookerji
By His Sacred and Gracious Majesty the King, consecrated twenty years, coming in person, was worshipped (this spot), in as much as here was born the Buddha Sakyamuni. A stone bearing a figure was caused to be constructed and a pillar of stone was also set up, to show that the Blessed One was born here.
The village Lummini was made free of religious cesses and also liable to pay only one-eighth share (of the produce).
English translation by D C Sircar
Twenty years after his coronation, king Priyadarsi, Beloved of the Gods, visited this spot in person and offered worship at this place, because the Buddha, sage of the Sakyas, was born here. He caused to be built a stone wall around this place and also erected this stone pillar to commemorate his visit. Because the Lord Buddha was born here, he made the village of Lumbini free form land revenue and subject to pay only one-eighth of the produce as tax instead of the usual rate.
English translation by S Dhammika
Twenty years after his coronation, Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi, visited this place and worshipped because here the Buddha, the sage of the Sakyans, was born. He had a stone figure and a pillar set up and because the Lord was born here, the village of Lumbini was exempted from tax and required to pay only one eighth of the produce.
Japanese Buddhist Federation
By King Piyadasi, the beloved of the gods [who] having been consecrated twenty years [having] come himself personally [here] to offer homage, or celebrate, because Sakyamuni Buddha was born here, was caused both a Silavigadabhica to be built and a stone pillar to be set up. [And], because the Lord was born here, the Lumbini village was made free from taxes and liable to pay [only] one-eighth part [of the produce].
পরিশিষ্ট – খ
মায়াদেবী মন্দিরে খননে প্রাপ্ত বস্তুর কাল নির্ধারণ সারণী
Excerpt from Coningham et al: 2013)
Table 1. Radiocarbon determinations from Trench C5b within the Maya Devi Temple. Calibrated
Note: the sampling was undertaken in January 2012, and submitted for dating at the AMS Facility at the Scottish Universities. Environmental Research Centre. The 14C age is quoted in conventional years BP (before 1950 AD). The calibrated age ranges are determined from the University of Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit calibration program (OxCal3) (Bronk Ramsey 1995, 2001).
Table 2. OSL determinations from Trench C5 within the Maya Devi Temple
Note: the sampling, together with field dose rate measurements, was undertaken in January 2011 and January 2012, and submitted for dating at the luminescence laboratories of the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre. All samples were subjected to laboratory preparation of sand-sized quartz. The purity of the quartz concentrate was checked using scanning electron microscopy. Dose rates for the bulk sediment were evaluated using analyses of the uranium, thorium and potassium concentrations obtained by high resolution gamma spectrometry coupled with beta dose rate measurement using thick source beta counting. Equivalent doses were determined by OSL from 16 aliquots of quartz per sample using the quartz single-aliquot-regenerative (SAR) procedure. The material exhibited good OSL sensitivity and produced acceptable SAR internal quality control performance. Dose distributions were analysed using radial plotting methods and ranked scatter plots.
পরিশিষ্ট – গ
থেরবাদী মতানুসারে মোট ২৯ জন বুদ্ধের তালিকা
Source: Encyclopedia: From Scholars for Scholars
পরিশিষ্ট- ঘ
মণ্ডোদরী চ তুণ্ডা চ কোটরা মেঘবাসিনী।
সুভগা লম্বিনী লম্বা বসুচূড়া বিকখনী। ১৭॥
– মহাভারত, শল্য পর্ব ৪৫.১৭
মহাভারতে লুম্বিনী / লম্বিনী দেবীর উল্লেখ আমরা পাচ্ছি শল্যপর্বে। সেনাপতি কার্তিকের সঙ্গে যেসব দেবী মাতাগণের লিস্ট আমরা পাই (ভালগেট এডিশন, (অধ্যায় ৪৬/৪৭: শ্লোক ১৮) ও ক্রিটিক্যাল এডিশন (অধ্যায় ৪৫: শ্লোক ১৭))।
শল্যপর্ব সম্পাদনা করেছেন বিখ্যাত পন্ডিত ডান্ডেকর। এই শ্লোকটির লুম্বিনী অংশের কোনো পাণ্ডুলিপিতে ভিন্ন পাঠ-ভেদ নেই, একমাত্র একটি তেলুগু পাণ্ডুলিপি ছাড়া। তেলুগু পাণ্ডুলিপিগুলি মহাভারতের পাঠ গঠনে একটা পরোক্ষ ভূমিকা মাত্র, এটা থেকে আদিরূপ গঠন হয় না। তাছাড়া আর কোনো তেলুগু পাণ্ডুলিপিতে এটি নেই। তাই এটি archetype এর অংশ। অর্থাৎ লিখিত রূপে এটি প্রথম থেকেই ছিল। শল্যপর্বতে কাশ্মীরের বিখ্যাত শারদা পাণ্ডুলিপি ব্যবহার হয়েছে। তারসঙ্গে কাশ্মীর দেবনাগরী ও প্রাচীন বাংলার পাণ্ডুলিপি ও মালায়লমের আদি রূপ দেখেই মূলত এই পর্ব গঠন হয়েছে। তাই এটি প্রাচীনত্বের সাক্ষ্য দেয়। এই অংশটি আছে সংক্ষেপে ভারতমঞ্জরী তেও। এবং বাংলার অর্জুনমিশ্র এটির টীকা করেছেন। তার ও আগে উদারী ভদ্রাজ এটির টীকা করেছেন। তাই নীলকন্ঠের টীকা অগ্রাহ্য করলেও তারও আগের উদাহরণ আমরা পাচ্ছি। সব থেকে বড় কথা প্রাচীন জাভা adaptation এ কার্তিকের অংশটি অল্পে বলা আছে যেখানে দেবদেবীরা তাকে সাহায্য করছেন ও সেনাপতি অভিষেকে আসছেন। ফলে সেখান থেকেও একটা আভাস পাওয়া যাচ্ছে প্রাচীনত্বের।
শল্যপর্বের এই অংশগুলো প্রাচীন জয় মহাকাব্যের (আদি মহাভারত) চারণ কবিদের গানের অন্তর্গত ছিল কিনা সেটা না জানলেও বলতে বাধা নেই যে এটি লুম্বিনী নামের এক অতি পুরাতন মাতৃকা শক্তির অস্তিত্বের বড় প্রমাণ। সম্ভবত এগুলি প্রাচীন মাতৃকা বা mother goddesses যাঁরা পরে বিভিন্ন নামে হিন্দু ধর্মে প্রবেশ করেছেন। বইয়ের মূল পাঠে আপনি দেখেছেন যে লুম্বিনী এমনই এক থান ছিল যার সূত্রপাত হয়েছিল লৌহ যুগে। প্রত্নতত্ত্ব সেটাকেই সমর্থন করে।
(এই অংশের অনেক কিছু খুঁজে বার করতে সাহায্য করেছেন সৈকত মণ্ডল)
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-গঙ্গোপাধ্যায় জয়দেব শাস্ত্রী, “ললিতবিস্তর”, কলিকাতা, সংস্কৃত পুস্তক ভাণ্ডার
-গোস্বামী বিজনবিহারী, “অথর্ববেদ”,কলকাতা,হরফ প্রকাশনী (১৩৫৮)
-চট্টোপাধ্যায় অশোক, “অগ্নিপুরাণ”, কলকাতা, নবপত্র প্রকাশন (১৯৯০)
-চৌধুরী সাধনকমল, “বিশুদ্ধ সুত্তনিপাত”, কলকাতা, করুণা প্রকাশনী (১৪০৯)
-চৌধুরী সাধনকমল, “মহাবংশ”, কলকাতা, করুণা প্রকাশনী (১৩৭০)
-ঠাকুর রথীন্দ্রনাথ, “অশ্বঘোষের বুদ্ধচরিত”, কলকাতা, বিশ্বভারতী (১৩৫২)
-তর্কপঞ্চানন শ্যামাকান্ত, “শ্রীমদ্ভাগবত খণ্ড ১-৩”, কলিকাতা, বসুমতী সাহিত্য মন্দির
-তর্করত্ন পঞ্চানন, “গরুড় পুরাণ”, কলিকাতা, নবভারত পাবলিশার্স
-তর্করত্ন পঞ্চানন, “দেবীভাগতম”, কলিকাতা, নবভারত পাবলিশার্স (১৪১৮ সন)
-তর্করত্ন পঞ্চানন, “বায়ুপুরাণ”, কলিকাতা, নবভারত পাবলিশার্স
-তর্করত্ন পঞ্চানন, “বিষ্ণু পুরাণ”, কলিকাতা, নটবর চক্রবর্তী, (১৩১৪ সন)
-তর্করত্ন পঞ্চানন, “বৃহৎসংহিতা”, কলিকাতা, (১৮১৫ সন)
-তর্করত্ন পঞ্চানন, “মৎস্যপুরাণ”, কলিকাতা, নটবর চক্রবর্তী, (১৩১৬ সন)
-দত্ত রমেশচন্দ্র, ঋগ্বেদ সংহিতা (দু খন্ড), কলকাতা, হরফ প্রকাশনী, (১৩৫৮ সন)
-বড়ুয়া অধ্যাপক সুমঙ্গল ও ভদন্ত প্রজ্ঞাদর্শী ভিক্ষু, “পবিত্র ত্রিপিটক দশম খণ্ড [সূত্রপিটকে অঙ্গুত্তর নিকায় চতুর্থ ও পঞ্চম খণ্ড], খাগড়াছড়ি, ত্রিপিটক পাবলিশিং সোসাইটি (২০১৭)
-বড়ুয়া অধ্যাপক সুমঙ্গল, ভদন্ত ইন্দ্রগুপ্ত ভিক্ষু, ভদন্ত সুমন স্থবির, ভদন্ত বঙ্গীস ভিক্ষু, ভদন্ত অজিত ভিক্ষু ও ভদন্ত সীবক ভিক্ষু কর্তৃক অনূদিত, “পবিত্র ত্রিপিটক অষ্টম খণ্ড [সূত্রপিটকে অঙ্গুত্তর নিকায় প্রথম ও দ্বিতীয় খণ্ড]” খাগড়াছড়ি, ত্রিপিটক পাবলিশিং সোসাইটি (২০১৭)
-বড়ুয়া বেনীমাধব ও বিনয়েন্দ্রনাথ চৌধুরী, “পবিত্র ত্রিপিটক পঞ্চম
খণ্ড, সূত্রপিটকে মধ্যম নিকায়”, খাগড়াছড়ি, ত্রিপিটক পাবলিশিং সোসাইটি (২০১৭)
-বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় অম্বিকাচরণ, “সুশ্রুতসংহিতা”, কলিকাতা (১৭৯৫ শকাব্দ)
-ভট্টাচার্য অন্নদাচরণ, “সটীক–অমরকোষ”, কলকাতা, বেনীমাধব ভট্টাচার্য, (১৮৯২)
-ভট্টাচার্য তারাপদ (অনু), “বুদ্ধচরিতম” (অশ্বঘোষ), সংস্কৃত সাহিত্য সম্ভার বইয়ের অন্তর্গত, কলিকাতা,
নবপত্র প্রকাশন (১৯৫৮)
-ভট্টাচার্য নরেন্দ্রনাথ, “প্রাচীন ভারতে রাষ্ট্র চিন্তা ও রাষ্ট্র ভাবনা”, কলিকাতা, জেনারেল (১৯৯৫)
-ভদন্ত প্রজ্ঞাদর্শী ভিক্ষু, “পবিত্র ত্রিপিটক নবম খণ্ড [সূত্রপিটকে অঙ্গুত্তর নিকায় তৃতীয় খণ্ড], খাগড়াছড়ি, ত্রিপিটক পাবলিশিং সোসাইটি (২০১৭)
-ভিক্ষু করুণাবংশ, “পবিত্র ত্রিপিটক ত্রয়োদশ খণ্ড, খুদ্দকনিকায়ে অপদান”, খাগড়াছড়ি, ত্রিপিটক পাবলিশিং সোসাইটি (২০১৭)
-ভিক্ষু শাসন রক্ষিত, “ধম্মপদ”, রাঙ্গামাটি (১৩৭৪ সন)
-ভিক্ষু শীলভদ্র, “দীঘ নিকায় (অখণ্ড)”, কলিকাতা, মহাবোধি বুক এজেন্সি (১৯৯৭)
-ভিক্ষু শীলভদ্র, “ধম্মপদ”, কলিকাতা, মহাবোধি বুক এজেন্সি (১৩৫১ সন)
-ভিক্ষু শীলভদ্র, “পবিত্র ত্রিপিটক চতুর্থ খণ্ড [সূত্রপিটকে দীর্ঘ নিকায় প্রথম, দ্বিতীয় ও তৃতীয় খণ্ড], খাগড়াছড়ি, ত্রিপিটক পাবলিশিং সোসাইটি (২০১৭)
-মহাস্থবির শ্রীমৎ শান্তরক্ষিত, ভদন্ত ইন্দ্রগুপ্ত ভিক্ষু ভদন্ত সুমন স্থবির, ভদন্ত বঙ্গীস ভিক্ষু ভদন্ত অজিত ভিক্ষু, ভদন্ত সীবক ভিক্ষু কর্তৃক অনূদিত, ” পবিত্র ত্রিপিটক অষ্টাদশ খণ্ড, খুদ্দকনিকায়ে প্রতিসম্ভিদামার্গ ও নেত্তিপ্রকরণ”, খাগড়াছড়ি, ত্রিপিটক পাবলিশিং সোসাইটি (২০১৭)
-মহাস্থবির শ্রীমৎ সত্যপ্রিয়, “বিনয়পিটকে চুলবর্গ”, রামু, মেরাংলোইয়া সীমা বিহার (২০০০)
-রায় আচার্য সুচিত্রা, “অশোক অভিলেখ”, কলিকাতা, কলিকাতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় (২০১৪)
-শর্মা সতীশচন্দ্র, “চরক সংহিতা”, কলিকাতা (১৩১১)
-সমাদ্দার যোগীন্দ্রনাথ, “চৈনিক পরিব্রাজক ফা-হিয়েন”, কলকাতা, খড়ি প্রকাশনী (২০২৪)
-সমাদ্দার যোগীন্দ্রনাথ, “বৌদ্ধযুগের ভারত, হিউয়েন সাঙ”, কলকাতা, পত্রলেখা (২০২১)
-সরকার যশোদানন্দন, “সুশ্রুতসংহিতা”
-সেন রামদাস, “বুদ্ধদেব”, বহরমপুর, হরলাল রায়
-সেন দীনেশচন্দ্র, বৃহৎ বঙ্গ, কলিকাতা, কলিকাতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় (১৩৪১)