৮. তথ্যসূত্র
1 Mircea Eliade, The Myth of the Eternal Return or Cosmos and History (trans. Willard R. Trask, Princeton, 1994), passim.
2 J. Huizinger, Homo Ludens (trans. R.F.C. Hall, London), 1949, 5-25.
3 Huston Smith, The Illustrated World Religions, A Guide to our Wisdom Traditions (San Francisco, 1991), 235.
4 Mircea Eliade, Myths, Dreams and Mysteries. The Encounter between Contemporary Faiths and Archaic Realities (trans. philip Mairet, London, 1960), 59-60.
5 Ibid., 74.
6 Mircea Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religion (trans. Rosemery Sheed, London, 1958), 216-19; 267-72.
7 Ibid., 156-8.
8 Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religion, 38-58.
9 Rudolf Otto, The Idea of the Holy, An Inquiry into the non-rational factor in the idea of the divine and its relation to the rational (trans. John Harvey, Oxford, 1923), 5-41.
10 Eliade, Myths, Dreams and Mysteries, 172-8; Wilhelm Schmidt, The Origin of the Idea of God (New York, 1912), passim.
11 Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religion, 99-108.
12 Eliade, Myths, Dreams and Mysteries, 54-86.
13 Joseph Campbell with Bill Moyers, The power of Myth (New York, 1988), 87.
14 Ibid.
15 Eliade, Myths, Dreams and Mysteries, 63.
16 Walter Burkert, Homo Necans, The Anthropology of Ancient Greek Sacrificial Ritual and Myth (trans. peter Bing, Los Angeles, Berkeley and London, 1983), 88-93.
17 Ibid., 15-22.
18 Campbell, The Power of Myth, 72-74; Burkert, Homo Necans, 16-22.
19 Joannes Sloek, Devotional Language (trans. Henrik Mossin, Berlin and New York, 1996), 50-52, 68-78, 135.
20 Walter Burkert, Structure and History in Greek Mythology and Ritual (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1980), 90-94; Joseph Campbell, Historical Atlas of World Mythology: Volume 2: The Way of the Animal Powers; Part 1: Mythologies of the Primitive Hunters and Gatherers (New York, 1988), 58-80; The Power of Myth, 79-81. 21 Eliade, Myths, Dreams and Mysteries, 194-226; Campbell, The Power of Myth, 81-85. 22 Eliade, Myths, Dreams and Mysteries, 225.
23 Campbell, The Power of Myth, 124-25.
24 Burkert, Homo Necans, 94-5.
25 Homer, The Iliad, 21:470.
26 Burkert, Greek Religion, 149-152.
27 Burkert, Homo Necans, 78-82.
28 Eliade, Patterns of Comparative Religion, 331-343.
29 Eliade, Myths, Dreams and Mysteries, 138-40; Patterns in Comparative Religion, 256-261.
30 Hosea 4:11-19; Ezekiel 8:2-18;2 Kings 23:4-7.
31 Eliade, Myths, Dreams and Mysteries, 161-171; Patterns in Comparative Religion, 242-253.
32 Eliade, Myths, Dreams and Mysteries, 162-65.
33 Ibid., 168-171.
34 Ibid., 188-89.
35 Genesis 3:16-19.
36 Anat_Baal Texts 49:11:5; quoted in E.O. James, The Ancient Gods (London, 1960), 88.
37 ‘Inanna’s Journey to Hell’ in Poems of Heaven and Hell from Ancient Mesopotamia (trans, and ed. N.K. Sanders, London, 1971), 165.
38 Ibid., 163.
39 Campbell, The Power of Myth, 107-11.
40 Ezekiel 8:14; Jeremiah 32:29, 44:15; Isaiah 17:10.
41 Burkert, Structure and History, 109-110.
42 Burkert, Structure and History, 123-28; Homo Necans, 255-297; Greek Religion, 159-161.
43 Eliade, Myths, Dreams and Mysteries, 227-8; Patterns in Comparative Religion, 331.
44 Karl Jaspers, The Origin and Goal of History (trans. Michael Bullock, London, 1953), 47.
45 Gwendolyn Leick, Mesopotamia, The Invention of the City (London, 2001), 268. 46 Genesis 4:17.
47 Genesis 4:21-22.
48 Genesis 11:9.
49 Leick, Mesopotamia, 22-23.
50 In other epics, Atnahasis is called Ziusudra and Utrapishtim (‘he who found life’).
51 Thokhild Jacobsen, ‘The Cosmos as State’ in H. and H.A. Frankfort (eds), The Intellectual Adventure of ancient Man, An Essay on Speculative Thought in the Ancient Near East (Chicago, 1946), 186-197.
52 Ibid., 169.
53 Enuma Elish, 1:8-11, in Sandars, Poems of Heaven and Hell, 73.
54 Enuma Elish, VI:19, in Sanders, Poems of Heaven and Hell, 99.
55 Isaiah 27:1 Job 3:12; 26:13; Psalms 74:14.
56 Eliade, Myths, Dreams and Mysteries, 80-81; The Myth of the Eternal Return, 17.
57 The Epic of Gilgamesh, I:iv:6, 13,19, Myths from Mesopotamia, Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others (trans. Stephanie Dalley, Oxford, 1989), 55.
58 lbid., I:iv: 30-36, p. 56.
59 Ibid., VI:ii:1-6, p. 78.
60 Ibid., VI:ii: 11-12, p. 78-9.
61 Ibid., XI:vi:4, p. 118.
62 David Damrosch, The Narrative Covenant. Transformations of Genre in the Growth of Biblical Literature (san Francisco, 1987), 88-118.
63 Epic of Gilgamesh, XI:ii:6-7 in Dalley, 113.
64 lbid., I:9-12, 25-29, p.50.
65 Ibid., 1:4-7, p.50.
66 Robert A. Segal, ‘Adonis: A Greek Eternal Child’ in Dora C. pozzi and John M. Wickersham (eds), Myth and the polis (Ithaca, New York and London, 1991), 64-86.
67 Karl Jaspers, The Origin and Goal of History (trans. Michael Bullock, London 1953), 1-78.
68 The author of the Dao De Jing, which did not become known until the mid-third century, was using the name of the fictitious sage Laozi, who was often thought to have lived in the late seventh or sixth century, as a pseudonym.
69 Genesis 18.
70 Isaiah 6:5; Jeremiah 1:6-10; Ezekiel 2:15.
71 Confucius, Analects 5:6; 16:2.
72 Sadly, inclusive language is not appropriate here. Like most of the Axial sages, Confucius had little time for woman.
73 Confucius, Analects, 12:22; 17:6.
74 Ibid., 12:2.
75 Ibid., 4:15.
76 Ibid., 8:8.
77 Ibid., 3:26;17:12.
78 Anguttara Nikaya, 6:63.
79 Dao De Jing, 80.
80 Ibid., 25.
81 Ibid., 6,16, 40, 67.
82 Fataka, 1:54-63; Vinaya : Mahavagga, 1:4.
83 Psalm 82.
84 2 Chronicles, 34:5-.
85 Hosea, 13:2; Jeremiah, 10; Psalms 31:6; 115:4-8; 135:15.
86 Exodus, 14.
87 Isaiah, 43:11-12.
88 Plato, The Republic, 10:603D-607A.
89 Ibid., 522a8; Plato, Timaeus,26E5.
90 Metaphysics III, 1000a11-20.
91 Plato, The Republic, 509F.
92 Plato, Timaeus, 29B and C.
93 Aristotle, Metaphysics, 1074 Bf.
95 Philippians, 2:9
94 2 Corinthians, 5:16.
96 Philippians, 2:9-11.
97 Philippians, 2:7-9.
98 Luke, 24:13-22.
99 Kabbalists stressed that En Sof was neither male nor female. It was an ‘If’ that became a ‘Thou’ to the mystic at the end of the process of emanation.
100 Gregory of Nyssa, ‘Not Three Gods’.
101 Richard S. Westfall, ‘The Rise of Science and the Decline of Orthodox Christianity: A Study of Kepler, Descartes and Newton’ in David C. Lindberg and Ronald L. Numbers (eds), God and Nature Historical Essays on the Encounter Between Christianity and Science (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1986), 231.
102 Gregory of Nazianzos, Oration, 26:6-10.
103 Blaise Pascal, Pensees (trans. A.J. Krasilsheimer, London, 1966), 209.
104 R.C. Lovelace, ‘Puritan Spirituality The Search for a Rightly Reformed Church’ in Louis Dupre and Don E. Saliers (eds), Christian Spirituality: Post Reformation and Modern (London and New York, 1989), 313-15.
105 T.H. Huxley, Science and Christian Tradition (New York, 1896), 125.
106 Friedrich Nietzsche, The Gay Science (New York, 1974), 181.
107 Thomas Mann, The Making of The Magic Mountain,’ in The Magic Mountain. (trans. H.I. Lowe Porter, London, 1999), 719-29.
108 George Steiner, Real Presences; Is there anything in what we say? (London, 1989). 142-43.